| Where the heat starts | A conductive film beneath the floor finish. | An electric cable routed beneath the floor finish. | A furnace heats air; ducts and registers distribute it. | A wall-base element warms passing room air. | Heated water circulates through tubing beneath the floor. |
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| What gets installed | Dry film: beneath a compatible floating floor. Wet film: a separate, covered assembly. | Cable and compatible floor layers. Some systems use mortar and an uncoupling membrane; a new slab is not always needed. | A furnace, supply and return ducts, registers and controls. Existing ductwork needs assessment. | Wall-mounted heaters, electrical circuits and controls, with clear space for airflow. | Floor tubing, a heat source, circulation equipment and controls. Embedded and retrofit panel systems exist. |
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| Equipment & space | No boiler, pumps, manifolds or ducts. A supply circuit, thermostat and floor sensor per room or zone. | No central plant. A supply circuit, thermostat and floor sensor per room or zone. | A furnace or air handler in a mechanical space, plus supply and return ducts through the building. | No central plant. Each heater takes wall space and needs clear airflow around it. | A boiler or heat pump, pumps and manifolds, usually in a mechanical room, plus tubing in each floor. |
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| What you hear | Nothing from the film. No fan, no pump, no moving parts in the floor. | Nothing from the cable. No fan or pump in the floor. | The blower and air moving through registers when the system runs. | Usually quiet; some units tick as they warm and cool. | Quiet in the room. Pumps and the heat source run in the mechanical space. |
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| What shapes energy use | Electric resistance heating. Consumption depends on the room’s heat loss, floor assembly, controls and use. | Electric resistance heating. Consumption depends on the room’s heat loss, floor assembly, controls and use. | Fuel or electricity for the selected furnace, plus the blower. Equipment and duct losses matter. | Electric resistance heating. Consumption depends on the room’s heat loss, controls and use. | Energy for the selected heat source and circulation pump. Boiler or heat-pump performance matters. | Both use electric resistance heating. Consumption depends on the room’s heat loss, floor assembly, controls and use. |
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| Access & maintenance | Controls and connections need planned access. Work on concealed film depends on the floor and fault location. | Controls are accessible; a concealed cable repair can involve the floor finish. Follow the selected system’s repair procedure. | Filters, blower, furnace and ductwork need service access. Maintenance follows the equipment instructions. | The heater is accessible at the wall. Keep airflow openings clear; electrical repairs need qualified service. | Service pumps and the heat source as specified. Access to concealed tubing depends on the floor assembly. |
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